Content Category 9A: Understanding Social Structure

Social structure organizes all human societies. Elements of social structure include social institutions and culture. These elements are linked in a variety of ways and shape our experiences and interactions with others — a process that is reciprocal.

The content in this category provides a foundation for understanding social structure and the various forms of interactions within and among societies. It includes theoretical approaches to studying society and social groups, specific social institutions relevant to student preparation for medical school, and the construct of culture.

Topic Our Social World Introduction to Sociology Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life Exploring Psychology

Theoretical Approaches (SOC)

  • Microsociology vs. macrosociology
  • Functionalism
  • Conflict theory
  • Symbolic interactionism
  • Social constructionism
  • Exchange-rational choice
  • Feminist theory
  • Ch. 1: Sociology
  • Ch. 2: Examining the Social World
  • Ch. 4: Socialization
  • Ch. 6: Deviance and Social Control
  • Ch. 7: Stratification
  • Ch. 10: Family
  • Ch. 11: Education
  • Ch. 12: Religion
Sociological Theory
  • Ch. 2, Seeing and Thinking Sociologically, pp. 38-41 (“Three perspectives on social order”)
  • Ch. 3, Building Reality: The Social Construction of Knowledge
  • Ch. 1, p. 5
  • Ch. 12, pp. 456-457

Social Institutions (SOC)

  • Education
    • Hidden curriculum
    • Teacher expectancy
    • Educational segregation and stratification
  • Family (PSY, SOC)
    • Forms of kinship (SOC)
    • Diversity in family forms
    • Marriage and divorce
    • Violence in the family (e.g., child abuse, elder abuse, spousal abuse) (SOC)
  • Religion
    • Religiosity
    • Types of religious organizations (e.g., churches, sects, cults)
    • Religion and social change (e.g., modernization, secularization, fundamentalism)
  • Government and economy
    • Power and authority
    • Comparative economic and political systems
    • Division of labor
  • Health and medicine
    • Medicalization
    • The sick role
    • Delivery of health care
    • Illness experience
    • Social epidemiology
  • Ch. 1: Social Institutions
  • Ch. 10: Family
  • Ch. 11: Education
  • Ch. 12: Religion
  • Ch. 13: Politics and Economics
  • Ch. 14: Health Care
  • Ch. 16: Process of Change
Economy
  • Chapters 4, 8, 9, 10, 11
  • Ch. 10, The Architecture of Stratification: Social Class and Inequality;
  • Ch. 11, The Architecture of Inequality: Race and Ethnicity
  • Ch. 7, Building Social Relationships: Intimacy and Families.  
  • Ch. 4, pp. 118, 136-138, 155-157
  • Ch. 7, pp. 240, 262
  • Ch. 8, pp. 292-294
  • Ch. 10, p. 376
  • Ch. 11, pp. 384-406
  • Ch. 12, pp. 422-429, 443, 451-452
  • Ch. 14, pp. 504, 512

Culture (PSY, SOC)

  • Elements of culture (e.g., beliefs, language, rituals, symbols, values)
  • Material vs. symbolic culture (SOC)
  • Culture lag (SOC)
  • Culture shock (SOC)
  • Assimilation (SOC)
  • Multiculturalism (SOC)
  • Subcultures and countercultures (SOC)
  • Mass media and popular culture (SOC)
  • Evolution and human culture (PSY, BIO)
  • Transmission and diffusion (SOC)
  • Ch. 3: Society and Culture
  • Ch. 8: Race and Ethnic Group Stratification 
Culture
  • Ch. 4, Building Order: Culture and History
  • Ch. 2, pp. 76-77
  • Ch. 3, pp. 111-113
  • Ch. 5, pp. 177-178, 184-185
  • Ch. 7, pp. 262-263
  • Ch. 9, pp. 319-321
  • Ch. 10, p. 353
  • Ch. 12, pp. 420- 430, 443-450
  • Ch. 13, pp. 489-491