Apply Smart: Data to Consider When Applying to Residency

Does submitting one more application always help?

Our researchers suspected that—unlike buying raffle tickets, where the more tickets you buy, the better your chances of winning—additional applications to residency does not necessarily increase chances of getting accepted to a program. We set out to determine if there was a point where the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the likelihood of entry into a residency changes. Or, simply put, a point of diminishing returns. For more information on how we conducted these analyses, please see the research methodology and our overall research conclusions.

As you consider the number of residency programs you apply to, consider the strength of your entire application as well as your personal circumstances. But also note: though it varies by specialty, Step 1 scores, and applicant type, there is a point at which submitting one more application results in a lower rate of return of entering a residency program.

The diminishing returns data—along with other resources—can help determine the best plan for your residency applications.

Special note to DO applicants

Special note to IMG applicants

Select your applicant type from the drop-down menu to reveal the specialty choices. Choose your specialty to reveal the relevant data. In some cases, entrance rates or a point of diminishing returns cannot be reported due to small sample size.

Anesthesiology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 1,058 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Anesthesiology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Anesthesiology Applicants (Total=1,058)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Anesthesiology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 211	353	114	32%
Step 1 Score 212-229	362	230	64%
Step 1 Score ≥ 230	343	241	70%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Anesthesiology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Anesthesiology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Anesthesiology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Anesthesiology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Anesthesiology Residency Program for DO Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Anesthesiology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Anesthesiology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

The point of diminishing returns is an estimate and is not precise. It is best interpreted in the context of a confidence band, which is shown by the shading around the vertical lines. The width of the confidence band (shading) describes the precision of the estimate, with wider bands indicating less precision.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥230 (orange line) submitted 35 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 28-41). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 77%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 212-229 (green line) submitted 31 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 25-37). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 69%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤211 (red line) submitted 42 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 23-61). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 49%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Dermatology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 138 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Dermatology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Dermatology Applicants (Total=138)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Dermatology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 212	46	--	--
Step 1 Score 213-234	46	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 235	46	13	28%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Dermatology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Dermatology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

Because the number of applicants who entered training in this specialty was less than 10 for multiple Step 1 score terciles, we are not able to report the exact percent or trends for program entrance rates.

Diagnostic Radiology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 602 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Diagnostic Radiology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Diagnostic Radiology Applicants (Total=602)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Diagnostic Radiology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 215	202	44	22%
Step 1 Score 216-237	209	125	60%
Step 1 Score ≥ 238	191	136	71%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Diagnostic Radiology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Diagnostic Radiology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Diagnostic Radiology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Diagnostic Radiology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program for DO Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Diagnostic Radiology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Diagnostic Radiology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥238 (orange line) submitted 45 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 36-55). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 85%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 216-237 (green line) submitted 37 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 25-48). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 71%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤215 (red line) submitted 18 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 5-31). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 30%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Emergency Medicine (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 1,266 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Emergency Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Emergency Medicine Applicants (Total=1,266)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Emergency Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 210	435	168	39%
Step 1 Score 211-227	409	222	54%
Step 1 Score ≥ 228	422	300	71%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Emergency Medicine training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Emergency Medicine by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Emergency Medicine training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Emergency Medicine training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Emergency Medicine Residency Program for DO Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Emergency Medicine program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Emergency Medicine program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥228 (orange line) submitted 39 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 32-45). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 80%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 211-227 (green line) submitted 36 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 28-44). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 64%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤210 (red line) submitted 39 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 26-52). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 49%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Family Medicine (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 1,571 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Family Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Family Medicine Applicants (Total=1,571)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Family Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 199	533	242	45%
Step 1 Score 200-216	538	315	59%
Step 1 Score ≥ 217	500	293	59%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Family Medicine training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Family Medicine by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Family Medicine training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Family Medicine training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Family Medicine Residency Program for DO Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Family Medicine program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Family Medicine program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥217 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (16 applications; confidence band ranging from 12-20). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 69%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 200-216 (green line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (22 applications; confidence band ranging from 12-32). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 73%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤199 (red line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (30 applications; confidence band ranging from 20-40). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 66%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

General Surgery (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 1,063 U.S. DO applicants who applied to General Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

General Surgery Applicants (Total=1,063)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered General Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 211	362	63	17%
Step 1 Score 212-229	346	89	26%
Step 1 Score ≥ 230	355	142	40%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered General Surgery training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in General Surgery by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered General Surgery training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter General Surgery training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Internal Medicine (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 2,787 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Internal Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Internal Medicine Applicants (Total=2,787)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Internal Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 207	943	358	38%
Step 1 Score 208-225	957	545	57%
Step 1 Score ≥ 226	887	552	62%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Internal Medicine training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Internal Medicine by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Internal Medicine training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Internal Medicine training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Internal Medicine Residency Program for DO Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Internal Medicine program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Internal Medicine program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥226 (orange line) submitted 31 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 26-36). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 69%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 208-225 (green line) submitted 26 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 21-31). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 65%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤207 (red line) submitted 29 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 20-38). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 52%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Internal Medicine - Pediatrics (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 176 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Internal Medicine - Pediatrics training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Applicants (Total=176)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 206	62	--	--
Step 1 Score 207-221	55	20	36%
Step 1 Score ≥ 222	59	32	54%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Internal Medicine - Pediatrics training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Internal Medicine - Pediatrics by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Internal Medicine - Pediatrics training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Internal Medicine - Pediatrics training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Neurology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 292 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Neurology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Neurology Applicants (Total=292)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Neurology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 204	97	35	36%
Step 1 Score 205-224	99	47	47%
Step 1 Score ≥ 225	96	66	69%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Neurology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Neurology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Neurology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Neurology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Obstetrics and Gynecology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 508 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Obstetrics and Gynecology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Obstetrics and Gynecology Applicants (Total=508)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Obstetrics and Gynecology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 207	182	77	42%
Step 1 Score 208-221	159	96	60%
Step 1 Score ≥ 222	167	112	67%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Obstetrics and Gynecology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Obstetrics and Gynecology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program for DO Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Obstetrics and Gynecology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Obstetrics and Gynecology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥222 (orange line) submitted 35 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 29-40). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 77%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 208-221 (green line) submitted 21 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 12-30). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 62%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

The point of diminishing returns for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤207 could not be estimated because of the small sample size and a low base rate of entry into Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores in this range.

Orthopedic Surgery (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 195 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Orthopedic Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Orthopedic Surgery Applicants (Total=195)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Orthopedic Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 224	65	--	--
Step 1 Score 225-242	68	23	34%
Step 1 Score ≥ 243	62	15	24%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Orthopedic Surgery training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Orthopedic Surgery by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

Applicants who did not enter Orthopedic Surgery training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Otolaryngology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 90 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Otolaryngology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Otolaryngology Applicants (Total=90)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Otolaryngology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 219	30
Step 1 Score 220-238	30	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 239	30	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Otolaryngology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Otolaryngology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

Pathology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 232 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Pathology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Pathology Applicants (Total=232)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Pathology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 205	78	34	44%
Step 1 Score 206-223	76	47	62%
Step 1 Score ≥ 224	78	48	62%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Pathology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Pathology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Pathology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Pathology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Pediatrics (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 920 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Pediatrics training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Pediatrics Applicants (Total=920)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Pediatrics Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 203	312	182	58%
Step 1 Score 204-219	301	217	72%
Step 1 Score ≥ 220	307	219	71%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Pediatrics training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Pediatrics by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

Applicants who did not enter Pediatrics training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Pediatrics Residency Program for DO Applicants

Understanding the figure

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥220 (orange line) submitted 16 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 12-20). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 70%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 204-219 (green line) submitted 18 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 14-22). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 76%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

The point of diminishing returns for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤203 could not be estimated because of the small sample size and a low base rate of entry into Pediatrics residency programs for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores in this range.

Plastic Surgery - Integrated (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 54 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Integrated Plastic Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Integrated Plastic Surgery Applicants (Total=54)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Integrated Plastic Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 208	18
Step 1 Score 209-225	19
Step 1 Score ≥ 226	17	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Integrated Plastic Surgery training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Integrated Plastic Surgery by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

Psychiatry (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 453 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Psychiatry training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Psychiatry Applicants (Total=453)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Psychiatry Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 197	151	78	52%
Step 1 Score 198-214	152	92	61%
Step 1 Score ≥ 215	150	104	69%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Psychiatry training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Psychiatry by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Psychiatry training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Psychiatry training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Psychiatry Residency Program for DO Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Psychiatry program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Psychiatry program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥215 (orange line) submitted 35 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 27-43). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 87%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 198-214 (green line) submitted 21 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 14-27). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 56%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤197 (red line) submitted 24 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 14-34). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 63%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Radiation Oncology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 49 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Radiation Oncology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Radiation Oncology Applicants (Total=49)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Radiation Oncology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 207	16	--	--
Step 1 Score 208-230	16	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 231	17	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Radiation Oncology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Radiation Oncology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

Urology (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 92 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Urology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Urology Applicants (Total=92)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Urology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 227	31	--	--
Step 1 Score 228-239	31	11	35%
Step 1 Score ≥ 240	30	18	60%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Urology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Urology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Urology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Urology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Integrated Vascular Surgery (U.S. DO)

Included in the study were data from 48 U.S. DO applicants who applied to Integrated Vascular Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Integrated Vascular Surgery Applicants (Total=48)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Integrated Vascular Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 215	17	--	--
Step 1 Score 216-228	15	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 229	16	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Integrated Vascular Surgery training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Integrated Vascular Surgery by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.

Anesthesiology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 1,390 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Anesthesiology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Anesthesiology Applicants (Total=1,390)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Anesthesiology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 214	472	49	10%
Step 1 Score 215-233	470	101	21%
Step 1 Score ≥ 234	448	146	33%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Dermatology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 252 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Dermatology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Dermatology Applicants (Total=252)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Dermatology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 216	86	--	--
Step 1 Score 217-237	83	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 238	83	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Diagnostic Radiology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 1,201 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Diagnostic Radiology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Diagnostic Radiology Applicants (Total=1,201)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Diagnostic Radiology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 219	406	30	7%
Step 1 Score 220-238	394	80	20%
Step 1 Score ≥ 239	401	134	33%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Emergency Medicine (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 921 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Emergency Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Emergency Medicine Applicants (Total=921)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Emergency Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 211	307	28	9%
Step 1 Score 212-230	319	38	12%
Step 1 Score ≥ 231	295	50	17%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Family Medicine (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 9,814 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Family Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Family Medicine Applicants (Total=9,814)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Family Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 207	3,355	319	10%
Step 1 Score 208-224	3,276	410	13%
Step 1 Score ≥ 225	3,183	458	14%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

General Surgery (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 4,350 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to General Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

General Surgery Applicants (Total=4,350)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered General Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 214	1,517	114	8%
Step 1 Score 215-233	1,411	218	15%
Step 1 Score ≥ 234	1,422	437	31%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Internal Medicine (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 18,379 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Internal Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Internal Medicine Applicants (Total=18,379)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Internal Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 217	6,396	1,247	19%
Step 1 Score 218-235	6,048	2,539	42%
Step 1 Score ≥ 236	5,935	3,895	66%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Internal Medicine - Pediatrics (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 1,752 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Internal Medicine - Pediatrics training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Applicants (Total=1,752)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 212	586	--	--
Step 1 Score 213-228	581	14	2%
Step 1 Score ≥ 229	585	20	3%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Neurology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 2,501 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Neurology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Neurology Applicants (Total=2,501)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Neurology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 216	847	119	14%
Step 1 Score 217-234	831	191	23%
Step 1 Score ≥ 235	823	286	35%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Obstetrics and Gynecology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 1,190 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Obstetrics and Gynecology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Obstetrics and Gynecology Applicants (Total=1,190)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Obstetrics and Gynecology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 209	403	33	8%
Step 1 Score 210-227	398	74	19%
Step 1 Score ≥ 228	389	130	33%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Orthopedic Surgery (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 251 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Orthopedic Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Orthopedic Surgery Applicants (Total=251)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Orthopedic Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 217	85	--	--
Step 1 Score 218-237	86	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 238	80	10	13%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Otolaryngology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 144 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Otolaryngology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Otolaryngology Applicants (Total=144)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Otolaryngology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 220	51
Step 1 Score 221-235	46	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 236	47	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Pathology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 1,806 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Pathology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Pathology Applicants (Total=1,806)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Pathology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 211	619	79	13%
Step 1 Score 212-229	595	152	26%
Step 1 Score ≥ 230	592	224	38%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Pediatrics (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 5,688 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Pediatrics training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Pediatrics Applicants (Total=5,688)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Pediatrics Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 211	1,998	311	16%
Step 1 Score 212-227	1,809	443	24%
Step 1 Score ≥ 228	1,881	670	36%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Pediatrics training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Pediatrics training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Plastic Surgery - Integrated (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 181 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Integrated Plastic Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Integrated Plastic Surgery Applicants (Total=181)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Integrated Plastic Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 218	60	--	--
Step 1 Score 219-238	62	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 239	59	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Psychiatry (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 2,909 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Psychiatry training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Psychiatry Applicants (Total=2,909)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Psychiatry Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 203	1,002	138	14%
Step 1 Score 204-219	946	182	19%
Step 1 Score ≥ 220	961	249	26%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Radiation Oncology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 121 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Radiation Oncology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Radiation Oncology Applicants (Total=121)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Radiation Oncology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 212	42
Step 1 Score 213-230	38	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 231	41	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Urology (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 144 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Urology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Urology Applicants (Total=144)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Urology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 213	48	--	--
Step 1 Score 214-237	50	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 238	46	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Vascular Surgery - Integrated (Non-U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 189 Non-U.S. IMG applicants who applied to Integrated Vascular Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Integrated Vascular Surgery Applicants (Total=189)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Integrated Vascular Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 217	63
Step 1 Score 218-235	65	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 236	61	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Anesthesiology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 2,827 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Anesthesiology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Anesthesiology Applicants (Total=2,827)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Anesthesiology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 206	982	42	4%
Step 1 Score 207-228	935	182	19%
Step 1 Score ≥ 229	910	409	45%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Dermatology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 451 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Dermatology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Dermatology Applicants (Total=451)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Dermatology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 202	153	--	--
Step 1 Score 203-226	149	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 227	149	23	15%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Diagnostic Radiology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 1,868 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Diagnostic Radiology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Diagnostic Radiology Applicants (Total=1,868)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Diagnostic Radiology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 209	648	43	7%
Step 1 Score 210-232	600	116	19%
Step 1 Score ≥ 233	620	261	42%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Emergency Medicine (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 2,412 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Emergency Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Emergency Medicine Applicants (Total=2,412)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Emergency Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 205	846	46	5%
Step 1 Score 206-225	768	112	15%
Step 1 Score ≥ 226	798	277	35%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Family Medicine (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 18,801 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Family Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Family Medicine Applicants (Total=18,801)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Family Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 198	6,717	1,035	15%
Step 1 Score 199-212	5,920	1,445	24%
Step 1 Score ≥ 213	6,164	1,453	24%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

General Surgery (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 6,738 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to General Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

General Surgery Applicants (Total=6,738)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered General Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 200	2,266	97	4%
Step 1 Score 201-221	2,250	248	11%
Step 1 Score ≥ 222	2,222	644	29%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Internal Medicine (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 22,602 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Internal Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Internal Medicine Applicants (Total=22,602)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Internal Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 217	7,879	970	12%
Step 1 Score 218-235	7,358	2,476	34%
Step 1 Score ≥ 236	7,365	4,462	61%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Internal Medicine - Pediatrics (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 1,695 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Internal Medicine - Pediatrics training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Applicants (Total=1,695)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 203	588	--	--
Step 1 Score 204-222	564	30	5%
Step 1 Score ≥ 223	543	85	16%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Neurology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 2,356 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Neurology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Neurology Applicants (Total=2,356)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Neurology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 202	827	84	10%
Step 1 Score 203-221	770	134	17%
Step 1 Score ≥ 222	759	241	32%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Obstetrics and Gynecology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 2,348 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Obstetrics and Gynecology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Obstetrics and Gynecology Applicants (Total=2,348)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Obstetrics and Gynecology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 200	827	54	7%
Step 1 Score 201-217	743	133	18%
Step 1 Score ≥ 218	778	295	38%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Orthopedic Surgery (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 440 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Orthopedic Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Orthopedic Surgery Applicants (Total=440)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Orthopedic Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 213	147	--	--
Step 1 Score 214-236	150	20	13%
Step 1 Score ≥ 237	143	22	15%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Orthopedic Surgery training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Orthopedic Surgery training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Otolaryngology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 207 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Otolaryngology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Otolaryngology Applicants (Total=207)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Otolaryngology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 206	70	--	--
Step 1 Score 207-228	68	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 229	69	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Pathology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 3,123 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Pathology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Pathology Applicants (Total=3,123)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Pathology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 199	1,105	75	7%
Step 1 Score 200-218	985	162	16%
Step 1 Score ≥ 219	1,033	391	38%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Pediatrics (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 6,855 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Pediatrics training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Pediatrics Applicants (Total=6,855)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Pediatrics Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 199	2,356	216	9%
Step 1 Score 200-215	2,237	457	20%
Step 1 Score ≥ 216	2,262	880	39%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Plastic Surgery - Integrated (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 219 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Integrated Plastic Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Integrated Plastic Surgery Applicants (Total=219)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Integrated Plastic Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 208	74	--	--
Step 1 Score 209-230	73
Step 1 Score ≥ 231	72	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Psychiatry (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 6,580 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Psychiatry training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Psychiatry Applicants (Total=6,580)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Psychiatry Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 194	2,197	269	12%
Step 1 Score 195-208	2,281	405	18%
Step 1 Score ≥ 209	2,102	595	28%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Radiation Oncology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 185 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Radiation Oncology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Radiation Oncology Applicants (Total=185)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Radiation Oncology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 206	62
Step 1 Score 207-228	61	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 229	62	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Urology (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 149 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Urology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Urology Applicants (Total=149)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Urology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 206	50	--	--
Step 1 Score 207-230	52	10	19%
Step 1 Score ≥ 231	47	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Vascular Surgery - Integrated (U.S. IMG)

Included in the study were data from 200 U.S.-IMG applicants who applied to Integrated Vascular Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Integrated Vascular Surgery Applicants (Total=200)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Integrated Vascular Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 212	69
Step 1 Score 213-230	64	--	--
Step 1 Score ≥ 231	67	--	--

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Anesthesiology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 9,416 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Anesthesiology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Anesthesiology Applicants (Total=9,416)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Anesthesiology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 220	3,243	1,722	53%
Step 1 Score 221-236	3,087	2,108	68%
Step 1 Score ≥ 237	3,086	2,019	65%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Anesthesiology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Anesthesiology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Anesthesiology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥237 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (18 applications; confidence band ranging from 17 to 20). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 70%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 221-236 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (21 applications; confidence band ranging from 19 to 23). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 69%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤220 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (29 applications; confidence band ranging from 27 to 32). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 69%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Dermatology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 3,532 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Dermatology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Dermatology Applicants (Total=3,532)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Dermatology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 237	1,246	489	39%
Step 1 Score 238-250	1,136	677	60%
Step 1 Score ≥ 251	1,150	753	65%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Dermatology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Dermatology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Dermatology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Dematology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Dematology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥251 (orange line) submitted 34 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 28 to 41). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 66%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

The point of diminishing returns for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 238-250 could not be estimated because of the small sample size and a low base rate of entry into Dermatology residency programs for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores in this range.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤237 (purple line) submitted 43 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 34 to 53). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 61%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Diagnostic Radiology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 6,844 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Diagnostic Radiology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Diagnostic Radiology Applicants (Total=6,844)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Diagnostic Radiology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 229	2,356	996	42%
Step 1 Score 230-244	2,209	1,471	67%
Step 1 Score ≥ 245	2,279	1,601	70%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥245 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (20 applications; confidence band ranging from 16 to 24). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 64%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 230-244 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (23 applications; confidence band ranging from 17 to 29). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 64%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤229 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (37 applications; confidence band ranging from 33 to 41). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 57%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Emergency Medicine (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 11,068 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Emergency Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Emergency Medicine Applicants (Total=11,068)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Emergency Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 220	3,775	2,606	69%
Step 1 Score 221-237	3,830	3,299	86%
Step 1 Score ≥ 238	3,463	3,040	88%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Emergency Medicine Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥238 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (23 applications; confidence band ranging from 22 to 24). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 86%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 221-237 (gray line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (23 applications; confidence band ranging from 22 to 25). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 82%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤220 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (32 applications; confidence band ranging from 29 to 34). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 72%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Family Medicine (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 13,345 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Family Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Family Medicine Applicants (Total=13,345)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Family Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 205	4,692	2,835	60%
Step 1 Score 206-222	4,331	3,100	72%
Step 1 Score ≥ 223	4,322	3,318	77%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Family Medicine Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥223 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (14 applications; confidence band ranging from 13 to 15). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 80%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 206-222 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (17 applications; confidence band ranging from 16 to 18). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 80%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤205 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (19 applications; confidence band ranging from 18 to 21). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 61%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

General Surgery (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 15,131 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to General Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

General Surgery Applicants (Total=15,131)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered General Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 220	5,097	2,543	50%
Step 1 Score 221-238	5,118	3,288	64%
Step 1 Score ≥ 239	4,916	2,879	59%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an General Surgery Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a General Surgery program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a General Surgery program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥239 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (36 applications; confidence band ranging from 34 to 39). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 80%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 221-238 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (37 applications; confidence band ranging from 35 to 40). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 82%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤220 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (49 applications; confidence band ranging from 46 to 53). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 71%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Internal Medicine (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 28,068 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Internal Medicine training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Internal Medicine Applicants (Total=28,068)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Internal Medicine Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 219	9,729	6,480	67%
Step 1 Score 220-238	9,235	7,526	81%
Step 1 Score ≥ 239	9,104	7,515	83%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Internal Medicine Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥239 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (15 applications; confidence band ranging from 14 to 16). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 83%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 220-238 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (20 applications; confidence band ranging from 19 to 21). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 85%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤219 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (30 applications; confidence band ranging from 29 to 31). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 82%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Internal Medicine - Pediatrics (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 2,661 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Internal Medicine - Pediatrics training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Applicants (Total=2,661)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 219	895	424	47%
Step 1 Score 220-238	912	708	78%
Step 1 Score ≥ 239	854	697	82%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

raph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Internal Medicine - Pediatrics Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Internal Medicine - Pediatrics program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Internal Medicine - Pediatrics program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥239 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (15 applications; confidence band ranging from 13 to 17). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 81%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 220-238 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (16 applications; confidence band ranging from 13 to 18). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 74%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤219 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (27 applications; confidence band ranging from 24 to 30). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 74%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Neurology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 3,186 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Neurology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Neurology Applicants (Total=3,186)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Neurology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 217	1,108	585	53%
Step 1 Score 218-236	1,073	703	66%
Step 1 Score ≥ 237	1,005	673	67%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Neurology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Neurology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Neurology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥237 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (10 applications; confidence band ranging from 8 to 11). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 61%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 218-236 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (14 applications; confidence band ranging from 12 to 16). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 71%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤217 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (18 applications; confidence band ranging from 15 to 20). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 65%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Obstetrics and Gynecology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 7,137 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Obstetrics and Gynecology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Obstetrics and Gynecology Applicants (Total=7,137)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Obstetrics and Gynecology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 215	2,501	1,792	72%
Step 1 Score 216-232	2,333	2,016	86%
Step 1 Score ≥ 233	2,303	2,094	91%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

This table shows the total number of applicants who applied and entered Obstetrics and Gynecology training, and the percentage of applicants who entered training in Obstetrics and Gynecology by Step 1 score ranges. Please note that program entrance rate refers to the number of applicants who ultimately entered training in this specialty, not the match or acceptance rate.
In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Obstetrics and Gynecology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Obstetrics and Gynecology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥233 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (15 applications; confidence band ranging from 13 to 16). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 83%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 216-232 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (16 applications; confidence band ranging from 13 to 19). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 73%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤215 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (28 applications; confidence band ranging from 25 to 31). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 84%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Orthopedic Surgery (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 5,597 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Orthopedic Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Orthopedic Surgery Applicants (Total=5,597)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Orthopedic Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 235	1,865	998	54%
Step 1 Score 236-248	1,903	1,470	77%
Step 1 Score ≥ 249	1,829	1,577	86%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Orthopedic Surgery Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Orthopedic Surgery program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Orthopedic Surgery program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥249 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (37 applications; confidence band ranging from 32 to 42). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 80%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 236-248 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (39 applications; confidence band ranging from 32 to 45). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 80%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤235 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (58 applications; confidence band ranging from 48 to 67). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 61%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Otolaryngology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 2,567 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Otolaryngology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Otolaryngology Applicants (Total=2,567)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Otolaryngology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 238	856	367	43%
Step 1 Score 239-250	886	648	73%
Step 1 Score ≥ 251	825	672	81%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Otolaryngology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Otolaryngology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering an Otolaryngology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Otolaryngology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Otolaryngology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥251 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (33 applications; confidence band ranging from 25 to 41). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 77%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 239-250 (gray line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (45 applications; confidence band ranging from 38 to 53). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 79%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤238 (purple line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (40 applications; confidence band ranging from 24 to 56). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 58%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Pathology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 2,525 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Pathology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Pathology Applicants (Total=2,525)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Pathology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 215	870	387	44%
Step 1 Score 216-236	834	532	64%
Step 1 Score ≥ 237	821	575	70%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Pathology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Pathology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Pathology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥237 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (14 applications; confidence band ranging from 12 to 16). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 79%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 216-236 (gray line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (19 applications; confidence band ranging from 16 to 21). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 74%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤215 (purple line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (17 applications; confidence band ranging from 14 to 20). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 74%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Pediatrics (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 14,263 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Pediatrics training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Pediatrics Applicants (Total=14,263)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Pediatrics Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 215	4,836	3,679	76%
Step 1 Score 216-234	4,914	4,198	85%
Step 1 Score ≥ 235	4,513	3,828	85%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Pediatrics Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

]

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Pediatrics program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Pediatrics program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.
The point of diminishing returns is an estimate and is not precise. It is best interpreted in the context of a confidence band, which is shown by the shading around the vertical lines. The width of the confidence band (shading) describes the precision of the estimate, with wider bands indicating less precision.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥235 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (13 applications; confidence band ranging from 13 to 14). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 86%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 216-234 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (15 applications; confidence band ranging from 14 to 15). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 85%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤215 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (22 applications; confidence band ranging from 21 to 23). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 80%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Plastic Surgery - Integrated (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 1,619 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Integrated Plastic Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Integrated Plastic Surgery Applicants (Total=1,619)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Integrated Plastic Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 233	544	106	19%
Step 1 Score 234-249	564	303	54%
Step 1 Score ≥ 250	511	336	66%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Integrated Plastic Surgery training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Integrated Plastic Surgery training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Plastic Surgery - Integrated Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Integrated Plastic Surgery program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Integrated Plastic Surgery program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥250 (orange line) submitted 27 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 18 to 35). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 65%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 234-249 (gray line) submitted 29 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 21 to 37). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 74%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

The point of diminishing returns for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤233 could not be estimated because of the small sample size and a low base rate of entry into Integrated Plastic Surgery residency programs for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores in this range.

Psychiatry (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 6,254 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Psychiatry training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Psychiatry Applicants (Total=6,254)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Psychiatry Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 207	2,100	1,393	66%
Step 1 Score 208-226	2,078	1,594	77%
Step 1 Score ≥ 227	2,076	1,673	81%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Psychiatry Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥227 (orange line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (14 applications; confidence band ranging from 13 to 15). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 86%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 208-226 (gray line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (15 applications; confidence band ranging from 13 to 16). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 76%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤207 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (21 applications; confidence band ranging from 19 to 23). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 70%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Radiation Oncology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 1,565 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Radiation Oncology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Radiation Oncology Applicants (Total=1,565)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Radiation Oncology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 234	527	224	43%
Step 1 Score 235-248	532	318	60%
Step 1 Score ≥ 249	506	312	62%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Radiation Oncology training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Radiation Oncology training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Radiation Oncology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Radiation Oncology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Radiation Oncology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥249 (orange line) submitted 22 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 16 to 28). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 68%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 235-248 (gray line) submitted 32 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 27 to 37). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 73%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

The point of diminishing returns for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤234 could not be estimated because of the small sample size and a low base rate of entry into Radiation Oncology residency programs for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores in this range.

Urology (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 2,094 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Urology training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2016 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Urology Applicants (Total=2,094)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Urology Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 235	710	347	49%
Step 1 Score 236-247	703	419	60%
Step 1 Score ≥ 248	681	442	65%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Urology Oncology Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering a Urology program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering a Urology program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥248 (orange line) submitted 21 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 11 to 31). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 72%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

The point of diminishing returns for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 236-247 could not be estimated because of the small sample size and a low base rate of entry into Urology residency programs for applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores in this range.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤235 (purple line) submitted 34 applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (confidence band ranging from 25 to 44). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 46%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Vascular Surgery - Integrated (U.S. MD)

Included in the study were data from 677 U.S.-MD applicants who applied to Integrated Vascular Surgery training programs in ERAS® between 2012 and 2017 and who have scores for the USMLE Step 1 exam.

Specialty Entrance Rates

Integrated Vascular Surgery Applicants (Total=677)	Number of Applicants	Applicants who Entered Integrated Vascular Surgery Training
USMLE Step 1 Score		Number	Percent
Step 1 Score ≤ 222	231	48	21%
Step 1 Score 223-239	238	109	46%
Step 1 Score ≥ 240	208	103	50%

*Note, If the number of applicants who enter a program is less than 10, the exact number or percent is not reported has been replaced with a double dash. If the number is 0, the space is blank.

Understanding the table

In general, the proportion of applicants who entered Integrated Vascular Surgery training increases as Step 1 Score increases. Applicants who did not enter Integrated Vascular Surgery training may have entered training in another specialty or not entered training in any specialty.

Graph: Point of Diminishing Returns for Entering a Vascular Surgery - Integrated Residency Program for U.S. MD Applicants

Understanding the figure

This figure shows the relationship between the number of applications submitted and the predicted probability of entering an Integrated Vascular Surgery program by USMLE Step 1 score. The x-axis shows the number of applications submitted. The y-axis shows the predicted probability of entering an Integrated Vascular Surgery program. Each line represents a group of applicants with a given range of USMLE Step 1 scores.

What the findings tell us

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≥240 (orange line) submitted more applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (20 applications; confidence band ranging from 12 to 29). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 72%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ranging from 223-239 (gray line) submitted fewer applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (18 applications; confidence band ranging from 14 to 23). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 68%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

Applicants with USMLE Step 1 scores ≤222 (purple line) submitted the highest number of applications before reaching the point of diminishing returns (23 applications; confidence band ranging from 16 to 29). The likelihood of entering a residency program at this point is 62%. The addition of one application beyond this point results in a lower rate of return on an applicant’s likelihood of entering a residency program.

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